Beauty and the Beast (1991) - Disney's Animation Revival Begins

Beauty and the Beast: Classic Disney Movie Fairy Tale of Love Triumphing Over Looks

Walt Disney, of course, invented feature film animation with the 1937 Disney movie classic "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs," and he had been working on shorts for 15 years prior to that epochal film. "Snow White," with its lush technicolor and memorable songs, was an island of delight in a sea or black-and-white melodramas from other studios, and the public was hungry for more. "Snow White" ushered in what is known as the "Golden Age" of animated Disney movies, which lasted through the sentimental "Dumbo" and tragic "Bambi." Walt Disney even considered making "Beauty and the Beast, but he ran out of time. World War II disrupted everything, and while Disney movies got back on track in 1950 with "Cinderella" and the subsequent "Alice in Wonderland" and "Peter Pan," times were changing fast and lavish animated musicals (and musicals in general) were going out of style. Walt Disney Pictures lost its way after Walt's death in 1966 and retreated to non-animated films starring kid-friendly actors like Don Knotts and Tim Conway, with middling success. Nothing wrong with that, but a lot of good opportunities were lost in those days to advance the art of Disney movie animation.

Belle reading

All that changed with "The Little Mermaid," which ushered in what is known today as the "Disney Renaissance." "Beauty and the Beast" (1991), directed in heroic fashion by Gary Trousdale and Kirk Wise, followed a couple of years later and marked Disney's attempt to build on "The Little Mermaid"'s unexpected success and rekindle Disney's past glory from the Golden Age of animation. Did it work? It worked gloriously! There had been other recent stirrings in the animation field, such as with 1988's "Akira" and "The Land Before Time," which focused attention on new well-crafted animation films. Disney's own "The Little Mermaid" a year later had gotten the ball rolling, but there had been false starts before. "Beauty and the Beast" cemented the Disney movie revival that lasted through to 1999's "Tarzan." "Beauty and the Beast" came out in the days before massive computer-generated graphics, so this is a traditonal hand-drawn film that bears the standard Disney movie mark of quality. As usual with a classic Disney movie product, it involves a love-lorn girl looking for her prince.

Gaston and his smarmy attempt at charm

And "Beauty and the Beast" is indeed a classic tale. "Beauty and the Beast" required 12 (!) writing credits to refine a story that is well-known and established, including such later heavy hitters as Joe Ranft and Brenda Chapman, but at heart it remains a simple tale about a strong, plucky girl who certainly is no victim. Belle (Paige O'Hara) is a lovelorn girl who is dissatisfied with life in a small provincial French town with few opportunities for true love and wants to do something about it. She is hit on by Gaston (Richard White), a conceited local, but isn't taken in by his smarmy charm despite the fact that everybody else in town is.

The Beast looks scary at first despite his warm personality

Another potential suitor lurks nearby, but nobody even realizes he is there. The Beast (Robby Benson) is a prince who was placed under a witch's spell because he callously turned her away from a night's rest in his castle. He has the appearance of a beast, and his servants became household items. The enchantress was not without heart, though, and gave him a rose which would bloom until his 21st birthday, by which time he must somehow find true love or the spell would become permanent, and also a magic mirror which shows future events. The Beast stays to himself out of shame, but one day Belle's father Maurice (Rex Everhart) is chased by wolves and stumbles upon Beast's castle. His wrong turn eventually brings Belle and the Beast together.

The household servants

The Beast locks Maurice up for trespassing, but his horse leads Belle back to the castle. She offers to take Maurice's place, and the Beast agrees. He leaves and tries to interest Gaston and others in what has happened, but they don't believe him. The Beast asks Belle to dine, but she refuses. Lumière (Jerry Orbach), a servant who was transformed by the witch into a candelabra, feeds Belle anyway against the Beast's orders, and Cogsworth (David Ogden Stiers), now a clock, takes Belle on a tour. Belle meets Mrs. Potts (Angela Lansbury), now a teapot, and on the tour finds the witch's rose in the Beast's private section of the castle. The Beast, humiliated, chases Belle away and she is attacked outside by wolves. The Beast saves her but is injured himself, so Belle tends to his wounds. The Beast is gratified and grants Belle access to the castle. Gradually, the Belle and the Beast learn more about each other and become friends.

Belle does not love Gaston

They share a romantic dinner, then Belle tells the Beast that she misses Maurice, who has been committed to an insane asylum by Gaston until Belle agrees to his proposal. The Beast lets Belle use his magic mirror, and in it she sees her father dying in the woods in an attempt to rescue her. The Beast lets Belle go to try and save her father, giving her the mirror, and then confides in Cogsworth that he loves Belle.

Maurice is an inventor

Belle rescues her father, using the magic mirror to prove that Maurice is sane and was telling the truth. Gaston, infuriated that Belle is falling in love with the Beast, incites a riot among the townspeople against the Beast, lying to them that the Beast is a danger and must be killed. The mob heads to the castle, with Belle locked away with Maurice in Gaston's basement. Chip (Bradley Michael Pierce), one of the Beast's servants who was transformed into a teacup, then reveals that he impishly stowed away in Belle's baggage and frees Belle and her father.

The Beast and Belle in love

The villagers storm the castle, and Gaston searches out the Beast to slay him. While the Beast at first feels that fighting is pointless as he is doomed, the sight of Belle returning inspires the Beast, and he finally fights back against Gaston. The Beast prevails, but Gaston proves his true treachery when he refuses to accept defeat, causing tragedy but also renewal for himself and the Beast.

Belle loves her dance with the Beast

"Beauty and the Beast' was put together in just two years, which is very little time for animated features that usually take five or more years. Teams in Glendale, California and Lake Buena Vista, Florida (Disneyworld) worked on the animation, using the Pixar CAPS program of computerized graphics first tried out on "The Rescuers Down Under." This program restored some of the variety of colors and soft shadings lost when Disney went away from hand inking and toward the new xerography process with "101 Dalmations" to cut costs. The CAPS program also provided a primitive form of 3D animation by separating the characters from the background, giving some depth to the animation. CAPS further combined computer imagery and hand-drawn characters seamlessly. The almost magical ballroom sequence, in which Belle and the Beast dance while the camera circles, was a triumph of this process and instigated intense development of computer animation processes, so you have "Beauty and the Beast" to blame for the later over-use of CGI in almost every action/adventure/science fiction film. Here, though, it is used sparingly and in just the right places.

Beast makes Belle happy, and that is all that matters

"Beauty and the Beast" won two Oscars for its songs (credit Harold Ashman, who sadly passed away during production, and Alan Menken, who went on to become the composer of choice for Disney movie musicals). "Beauty and the Beast" also was nominated for Best Picture, a true rarity then for an animated film. The opening operetta-styled "Belle" is a fan favorite and was the first one composed by Ashman and Menken. Other popular songs include "Be Our Guest," sung to Belle by the servants when she first comes to eat, and "Gaston," sung by the swaggering Disney movie villain. The songs were recorded live, with the orchestra and voice work together, rather than separately as is the more customary modern practice. This gives the recordings some echo and may take away a tiny bit of "radio-like" precision from "Beauty and the Beast," but it injects an energy and sense of "being there" that cannot be duplicated otherwise. "Something There" lets Belle and the Beast sing of their developing feelings and is one of the most romantic moments in "Beauty and the Beast." Céline Dion and Peabo Bryson perform a pop version of "Beauty and the Beast" over the end credits (Angela Lansbury sings it earlier in a somewhat tremulous but sincere voice as her character Mrs. Potts) which became a Top Ten hit in both the United States and the UK. Home video releases of "Beauty and the Beast" have music videos by Dion and Bryson along with later ones by Jump 5 and Jordin Sparks (on the 2010 Blu-Ray/DVD release). "Beauty and the Beast" was a breakthrough in that it was the first Disney movie to be adapted into a Broadway musical, a practice that subsequently became commonplace.

The 3D version is a definite enhancement

A lot of research went into making "Beauty and the Beast," and it shows throughout "Beauty and the Beast." Art directors preparing for "Beauty and the Beast" travelled to France and studied many great 18th Century painters who remain little-remembered today. Many of the paintings shown on the castle walls are copied from such classic French artwork. That respect for the material - new for animation with "Beauty and the Beast," but after this the standard in the industry - gifts "Beauty and the Beast" with a unique classical and ornate look that elevates "Beauty and the Beast" far above the pack of toy-oriented mass-merchandising animated Disney movies and Pixar/DreamWorks products that followed. You may even absorb a tiny bit of culture while being entertained without realizing it, as watching "Beauty and the Beast" is like touring Versailes or an exquisite French chateau. The expressiveness on Belle's face as she takes the Beast's hand in the intensely decorated ballroom, and his awkward grunting as he fumbles with awkwardness that rapidly disappears, is priceless.

Belle and Beast about to dance

"Beauty and the Beast" developed into a cottage industry for Disney. The long-running Broadway musical starred Debbie Gibson and several other fine singers. Television versions of "Beauty and the Beast" seem to crop up every few years in various formats. The Disney movie version of "Beauty and the Beast" places a heavy emphasis on singing, so almost all the stars of the various versions of  "Beauty and the Beast" have fine voices and usually are Broadway veterans. Disney, with remarkable foresight and looking for synergy as usual, planned "Beauty and the Beast" from the beginning in hopes of turning it into a musical, which obviously worked in spectacular fashion. "Beauty and the Beast On Ice" soon followed and ran at Disneyworld for an astonishing 18 years. There even are half a dozen video games featuring the "Beauty and the Beast' characters.

Dancing in the castle's elegant ballroom is the highpoint of the film

There is no question that "Beauty and the Beast" is a very entertaining film with a legion of fans, and not just young girl fans, either. "Beauty and the Beast" is well worth a look even if you don't normally like musicals or romantic fairy tales or "princess" Disney movies. "Beauty and the Beast" was the first animated film to get nominated for the Best Picture Academy Award, and the last for many years due to the addition of the "Best Animated Feature" category until "Up" and "Toy Story 3" came along after the annual nominations for Best Picture were doubled from five to ten. The recent 3D release of this film has garnered very positive reviews, with some particular scenes - such as the key ballroom dance - much enhanced. Disney did a fine job with the 3D conversion, and that is the version to see if possible.

The 2011 3D trailer is below for your viewing pleasure, and below that the climactic ballroom dancing scene, accompanied by Angela Lansbury singing "Beauty and the Beast."

2013